How is a passing grade determined?

I've been trying to understand the grading system a little better, and I'm a bit confused about what is considered a passing grade in high school. Is there a universal percentage or letter grade that defines passing, or does it depend on the school or district? Also, how critical is passing each course when it comes to college applications? Advice on navigating this would be beneficial.

In the United States, what constitutes a passing grade in high school can indeed vary by school and district. However, in many cases, a "D" grade or higher is considered passing. In terms of percentage, this typically equates to scoring at least 60-65% or above on assignments and examinations. However, precise thresholds can differ so it’s best to check your specific school's or district's grading scale to get the most accurate information.

Regarding college applications, you must strive for more than just "passing" grades. Grades are a way for colleges to gauge your academic capability and dedication, and transcripts are among the first things admission officers look at. In terms of competitiveness, top universities generally aim to admit students with mostly "A" and "B" grades, but this again varies with each institution and the course rigor.

For instance, an "A" in a regular course might not be as impressive to admissions officers as a "B" in an Advanced Placement (AP) or International Baccalaureate (IB) course, all else being equal. It's beneficial to take a challenging curriculum, but balance is critical too, as you need to maintain strong grades even in these rigorous courses.

To sum up, passing each course is crucial, but if you are aiming for college admission, aiming for "A" and "B" grades will hold you in better stead. Get to know your school or district's grading policy, and set that as your baseline for success. Always remember, though, that colleges evaluate applications holistically, and your grades are only one part of the puzzle. Activities, essays, recommendation letters, and personal qualities are also taken into account.