How do enlisted-to-officer programs in the military work?

I'm considering enlisting in the military after high school, but I've heard there are programs to become an officer from an enlisted position. How do these programs work, and what are the benefits compared to going to college first?

Enlisted Officer programs, often referred to as "E-to-O" programs, offer dedicated enlisted service members a path to becoming commissioned officers in the U.S. military. These programs usually require time in service, character recommendations, passing physical fitness tests, and often the completion of a bachelor's degree.

Each branch of the military - Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines, Coast Guard, and Space Force - has its own specific processes, but they generally fall into a few common programs:

1. Green to Gold Program (Army): This program allows enlisted soldiers in the Army to apply for acceptance to the Army Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC) program at a college or university.

2. Broadened Opportunity for Officer Selection & Training (Marines): This is an umbrella program for several different pathways, including the Enlisted Commissioning Program and Marine Enlisted Commissioning Educational Program.

3. Seaman to Admiral-21 (Navy): This program is a full-time undergraduate education program that ultimately leads to commissioning as a Naval Officer.

4. Leaders Encouraging Airman Development (Air Force): This program is a commissioning program for the USAF Academy and the AFROTC Scholarship Program.

Keep in mind all these programs need a high level of commitment and dedication, but they also present the opportunity to get a degree while serving which can result in a reduced or even no-cost education.

The benefit of enlisting first is that you'd likely enter an E-to-O program with a stronger understanding of military life and culture which can put you at an advantage over peers who came straight from college. You'll have the foundation of hands-on experience and military training, to pair with your education training, which can make for a well-rounded officer. Additionally, the financial benefits of military service could help offset the cost of your education.

On the other hand, going to college first and then pursuing a commission through Officer Candidate School or ROTC could be a fit for those who are more academically inclined and want that traditional college experience before jumping into military service. This path allows you to begin your military career at a higher rank (and therefore higher pay) than if you enlisted first.

In conclusion, the decision between these paths depends on your personal goals, financial situation, and readiness for military life and culture. It's essential to have a candid discussion with a recruiter who can give you comprehensive insights into each pathway.