What's the purpose of references when applying for a job?

I'm trying to understand why employers ask for job references. What exactly do they provide that's so important? I'm filling out applications and want to know how to choose the best people for this part.

When applying for a job, employers often ask for references to validate your work history and performance. Essentially, a reference works as a testimony to your previous work.

The main purposes behind this reference process are threefold:

1. Verify employment: References can confirm basic details regarding your employment history. They can verify your employment dates, positions held, responsibilities, etc.

2. Gain insight into your work habits: The individuals providing your reference can share valuable insights into your work performance, punctuality, ability to meet deadlines, interaction with coworkers, and other relevant factors. It provides potential employers with a clearer understanding of your abilities and work ethic.

3. Evaluate cultural fit: References, especially from former supervisors or colleagues, can help potential employers ascertain whether you will fit well within their team and company culture. They can share details about your interpersonal skills, teamwork, and adaptability.

When choosing the individuals to serve as your references, consider those who can speak positively about your job skills, accomplishments, and work ethic. Former supervisors and colleagues, professors, mentors, or advisors often make solid references. Additionally, always ask permission before listing someone as a reference and ensure they are comfortable speaking positively about your work.

Remember, the practice of including references in job applications is ultimately aimed at ensuring the potential employee is a good fit for the role and the organization, which benefits both the applicant and the employer.