How do colleges know your race or ethnicity?

I'm filling out college applications and noticed they ask for race/ethnicity. Is this something they verify, or do they just go by what you select on the application?

Colleges collect your race and ethnicity information through your responses on the college application form. There isn't a formal verification process for this information, so colleges typically rely on what you self-report.

This information is primarily used for demographic statistics and data reporting purposes. It’s pertinent to note that, as of June 2023, race-conscious admissions (also known as Affirmative Action) were struck down by the Supreme Court, so colleges cannot use race as a factor in admitting students. However, colleges can still consider how your race or ethnicity might have uniquely impacted your experiences and thus your perspective.

Providing these demographics is usually optional. If you're uncomfortable with sharing this information or unsure about how to identify, you should know that you're generally not required to do so, although policies might vary from college to college. Keep in mind that colleges are expected to use this information respectfully and within legal constraints.