What should I know about the college admissions process?

I'm starting to look into applying to colleges, but the whole admissions process seems overwhelming. Can someone explain the basic steps I need to follow and what colleges typically look for in applicants?

The college admissions process involves multiple steps, so I'll break them down for you.

1. Research and Build a College List: Start by considering what you want in a college – size, location, majors offered, campus culture, financial aid, etc. Use tools like CollegeVine's school search and ranking to make a list of schools that could be a fit for you. Remember to include a mix of reach, match, and safety schools.

2. Testing: Take the SAT or ACT, depending on which you feel more comfortable with and which tests are required by your prospective schools. Some schools do require SAT or ACT scores, while others are test-optional. As for AP courses, they are viewed favorably as they demonstrate rigor in your course schedule, but the scores themselves aren't a major factor in admissions.

3. Transcripts and GPA: Maintain strong academic performance throughout high school. Colleges will review your Grade Point Average (GPA), the courses you took (about their difficulty), and your class rank if available. Some schools also use the Academic Index, a measurement of your academic achievements.

4. Extracurriculars: Get involved in extracurricular activities that interest you. Quality is more important than quantity here, so prioritize deep involvement in a few activities over marginal participation in many. Leadership roles and achievements in these areas can make a significant impact.

5. Essays: You'll need to write a personal statement and often several supplement essays. Your statement is a chance to share your story, while supplement essays should specifically address why you want to attend that college and/or why you're a good fit for it.

6. Letters of Recommendation: Usually required by colleges, these letters provide a third-party perspective on your skills and character. Ideally, have teachers from your core classes write these.

7. Application Submission: Most schools use the Common Application or Coalition Application. Additionally, note each college's application deadline, as they may vary, and ensure you submit all necessary materials – transcripts, test scores, recommendation letters, and application fees – by these dates.

8. Interviews: Some colleges offer optional interviews, which are a great way to express your interest in the school. Prepare well by knowing about the college and why you want to attend it.

9. Financial Aid: If necessary, apply for financial aid. The FAFSA form is standard for this, but some colleges also require the CSS profile. You should also look for scholarships, both within the colleges you're applying to and from external sources.

10. Decision: Once you receive your acceptances, financial aid packages, and possibly waitlist offers, you’ll have to make a final decision by May 1st.

That's the general overview. However, part of college admissions is creating your unique 'spike,' a highly-developed specialty. This is your chance to show your commitment to a specific interest or field and demonstrate what you can bring to a college campus. It will set you apart from other well-rounded applicants. Good luck!