How the military works: Who can deploy the military?

Hi guys, I'm currently taking a government class, and we're discussing the military. I'm a bit confused about who has the power to deploy the military. Is it the President, or does Congress have a say? It's kind of a big deal, right? Would love some clarification!

The ability to deploy the military largely rests with the President of the United States, who serves as the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces according to the Constitution. This role gives the President the authority to direct the movements of the military.

However, while the President can deploy the military, they do not have unlimited power in this regard. The U.S. Constitution gives Congress the power to declare war. This provision forms part of the system of checks and balances designed to prevent any branch of the government from becoming too powerful. So, if the President wants to engage the U.S. in a sustained military conflict, they would typically need the approval of Congress.

That said, the line between a military deployment and a war is not always clear-cut and can sometimes be a contentious issue. For instance, there've been numerous instances in modern history where U.S. Presidents have ordered military actions without a formal declaration of war from Congress.

Also, under the War Powers Resolution of 1973, the President may deploy the military into combat for up to 60 days without Congressional approval, but is then required to seek Congress's agreement for any longer deployment. This act was established to ensure that the President consults with Congress in every possible instance before involving the United States in armed conflict. However, the extent to which this act has been effective or adhered to has been a subject of debate.

Overall, while the President generally has the immediate power to deploy the military, there are supposed to be certain checks on this power from Congress. However, the practicability of these checks in modern geopolitical conditions is often a complex and controversial topic. In conclusion, the balance of power is officially shared between the President and Congress, but how this plays out in practice can vary widely based on the specifics of individual situations.