Clarifying the basics of U.S military branches

Hey all, forgive me for such a basic question but can someone please explain to me what the term 'branch' of military means? What constitutes a 'branch' and how are the different branches of the U.S. military distinguished?

In terms of the military, when we speak of "branches," we're referring to the distinct United States military organizations. The U.S. military is composed of six independent branches, each with its own unique mission, function, and chain of command, essentially operating as separate military services. The grouping of these branches under the Department of Defense (DoD) is largely due to the need for coordination and interoperability, especially in joint operations.

The branches, in the order they were established, are:

1. Army: The Army is the oldest (established in 1775) and largest branch, protecting United States’ interests at home and abroad with ground troops, tanks, helicopters, and other vehicles.

2. Navy: The Navy (established in 1775) is primarily responsible for sea-going operations, involving both surface ships and submarines. They can project force overseas from the sea.

3. Marine Corps: The Marine Corps (established in 1775) often works alongside Navy forces, with the ability to conduct operations on both land and sea, and is known for its rapid response capabilities.

4. Air Force: The Air Force (established in 1947) primarily conducts aerial warfare and operations. It manages everything from fighter jets to bombers to drones.

5. Coast Guard: The Coast Guard (established in 1790) is responsible for coastal defense, rescue operations, and law enforcement in U.S. waters. It's a part of Department for Homeland Security, not the DoD, during peacetime but can be transferred under the Navy during times of war.

6. Space Force: The Space Force (established in 2019) is the newest branch. It manages military operations in space, including the surveillance of space, tracking of satellites, and protection of U.S. assets in space.

Each branch has its own unique culture, training, ranking structure, and distinct areas of responsibility that can sometimes overlap. However, they all work in tandem to ensure the national security of the U.S.